Note: We computed these results based on multiple versions of the ABCD data (v2.01 & v3.01) and with different inclusion/exclusion criteria. I originally posted a version based on the ABCD 2.01 data filtered for missing admixture, and other scores. However, after looking, I found a version that uses the maximum 3.01 sample with age-corrected NIHTBX scores (N = 11474). While the scores for the two versions correlate at r = .98, in some cases (e.g., Vietnamese), there is a notable difference. I have now replaced the original table with the one based on N = 11474 and moved the original table to the end of the post. For replicability and modifiability, I attached the latest R code which I had in my file.
……
In our manuscript, titled “Reply to Warne,” we present average eduPGS and NIH Toolbox composite scores from the ABCD study, categorized by ethnic and religious groups. In our analyses, we used unweighted means instead of sample weighted scores, since we were only interested in the correlation between mean eduPGS and cognitive ability. However, we also computed weighted NIH Toolbox scores, which may be of interest to some readers.
These scores were computed using the survey package for R as recommended by Heeringa and Berglund (2020). These weighted scores, reported below, represent the “neuropsychological performance” scores, measured between 2016 and 2018, of representative samples of 10-year-old American children. The first three columns, after the group labels, display the sample size, means, and standard deviations, respectively. The fourth column presents the scores normalized with the non-Hispanic White mean set to 100.00 and standard deviations set to 15.00. To norm scores, we pooled the standard deviations across all groups (pooled SD = 16.45) and transformed the values using the pooled SD. On a reader request, I added average years of parental education, which I previously outputted, in the fifth column.
The ethnic groups are mutually exclusive, and the specific variables used to code them are provided in the supplementary materials of the manuscript. Classifications are based on the race/ethnicity of the child as reported by the responding parent in conjunction with the nationality and immigrant status of the parents; see the Parent Demographics Survey for specific variables and the second table for definitions. To be clear, some of the definitions do not perfectly overlap with ones commonly used in the social sciences. For example, the classification “USA Blacks” refers to children who were identified as being Black, not being White, not being Hispanic, but also not having an immigrant parent or grandparent. This was done because, when computing the scores, we were interested in mutually exclusive ethnocultural groups.
Bear in mind that the sample sizes are often small and so the corresponding estimates are imprecise and also that the NIH Toolbox battery is fluid-intelligence loaded. For comparison, Sailer, in 2009, reported cognitive abilities of legal American immigrants based on the digit span backwards test. Additionally, in 2015, I summarized scores by immigrant generation and ethnic groups mostly based on scholastic tests.
Ethnic/National Group | N | M | SD | IQ-Metric Score | Parental Education (Years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese | 81 | 116.53 | 21.02 | 111.32 | 16.95 |
Korean & Japanese | 33 | 115.13 | 19.15 | 110.05 | 16.36 |
White & Asian Indian | 44 | 114.66 | 14.19 | 109.62 | 16.75 |
White & Korean/Japanese | 78 | 111.41 | 18.02 | 106.65 | 15.89 |
White & Chinese | 77 | 109.77 | 18.16 | 105.16 | 16.42 |
White & Filipino | 60 | 109.67 | 18.09 | 105.07 | 16.16 |
Filipino | 51 | 107.99 | 17.53 | 103.53 | 15.5 |
Other Asian | 52 | 106.8 | 20.17 | 102.46 | 15.91 |
Asian Indian | 53 | 106.77 | 17.03 | 102.42 | 16.8 |
White | 5858 | 104.11 | 16.51 | 100 | 15.45 |
White & Pacific Islander | 25 | 103.74 | 16.9 | 99.66 | 15.47 |
Vietnamese | 24 | 102.68 | 14.51 | 98.69 | 15.95 |
N. Africa & Mid. East | 47 | 100.33 | 20.01 | 96.56 | 14.92 |
Pacific Islander | 17 | 99.79 | 12.18 | 96.06 | 14.07 |
White & Native American | 144 | 99.32 | 15.36 | 95.63 | 14.51 |
Central & South American | 352 | 98.36 | 16.98 | 94.76 | 14.15 |
Not Identified | 217 | 96.69 | 17.78 | 93.24 | 13.4 |
Dominican | 38 | 95.1 | 16.65 | 91.79 | 13.99 |
White Mexican | 775 | 95.1 | 16.37 | 91.78 | 12.8 |
White Cuban | 151 | 94.98 | 16 | 91.67 | 13.92 |
NH Black & White | 418 | 94.93 | 16.91 | 91.63 | 14.14 |
Other Hispanic | 518 | 94.56 | 17.75 | 91.29 | 13.95 |
White Puerto Rican | 133 | 94.22 | 17.23 | 90.98 | 13.74 |
Black African | 59 | 93.84 | 13.41 | 90.63 | 14.97 |
Other Cuban | 30 | 92.81 | 18.3 | 89.69 | 14.33 |
Native American | 39 | 92.29 | 16.1 | 89.22 | 13.14 |
Other Mexican | 460 | 91.82 | 16.02 | 88.79 | 11.9 |
Black Caribbean | 51 | 91.74 | 16.79 | 88.72 | 14.26 |
Black & Other Puerto Rican | 90 | 90.61 | 15.49 | 87.69 | 13.22 |
USA Black | 1499 | 85.44 | 14.8 | 82.98 | 13.32 |
Survey design code
svyr <- svydesign(data=merged_df_group, id=~site_id_l, strata=NULL, weights=merged_df_group$acs_raked_propensity_score)
summary(svyr)
svyby(~NIHTBX, ~SIRE_, svyr, svymean)
svyby(~NIHTBX, ~SIRE_, svyr, svyvar)
svyby(~NIHTBX, ~SIRE_, svyr, unwtd.count)
svyby(~edu_average, ~SIRE_, svyr, svymean, na.rm=T)
Ethnic definitions
Ethnic/National group | Defintion |
---|---|
Asian Indian | not Hispanic & Asian Indian |
Black & Other Puerto Rican | not White & Hispanic & Puerto Rican |
Black African | not Hispanic & not White & Black & parent born in Sub-Saharan African country |
Black Caribbean | not Hispanic & not White & Black & parent born in Caribbean country |
Central & South American | Hispanic & Central and South American (excluding Mexico) |
Chinese | not Hispanic & not White & Chinese |
Dominican | Hispanic & Dominican |
Filipino | not Hispanic & not White & Filipino |
Korean & Japanese | not Hispanic & not White & Japanese OR Korean |
N. Africa & Mid. East | not Hispanic & parent born in North African or Middle Eastern country |
Native American | not Hispanic & not White & Native American |
NH Black & White | not Hispanic & Black & White |
Not Identified | Not any of the other classes |
Other Asian | not Hispanic & Other Asian |
Other Cuban | Hispanic & not White & |
Other Hispanic | Hispanic & Not any of the other Hispanic group |
Other Mexican | Hispanic & not White & Mexican |
Pacific Islander | not Hispanic & not White & Pacific Islander |
USA Black | not Hispanic & not White & Black & non-immigrant family |
Vietnamese | not Hispanic & not White & Vietnamese |
White | not Hispanic & White & no other race marked |
White & Asian Indian | not Hispanic & White & Asian Indian |
White & Chinese | not Hispanic & White & Asian Chinese |
White & Filipino | not Hispanic & White & Filipino |
White & Korean/Japanese | not Hispanic & White & (Korean OR Japanese) |
White & Native American | not Hispanic & White & Native American |
White & Pacific Islander | not Hispanic & White & Pacific Islander |
White Cuban | Hispanic & White & not Black & Cuban |
White Mexican | Hispanic & White & Mexican |
White Puerto Rican | Hispanic & White & not Black % Puerto Rican |
Additional information
In response to a reader’s request, I append the scores by the grandparents’ country of origin — as reported by the responding parent — instead of race. For these, cases were subset to individuals whose maternal or paternal grandparents came from the same country. Originally, we planned to correlate scores with National IQ scores but we eventually decided that reports were too sparse and also unreliable.
Version 1 based on the reduced dataset
The original table, now replaced with the version based on N = 11474, is shown below.
Ethnic/National group | N | M | SD | IQ-metric scores | Parent Education (Years) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Korean & Japanese | 16 | 117.4 | 21.87 | 112.23 | 16.27 | |
Chinese | 43 | 115.79 | 14.67 | 110.76 | 16.96 | |
White & Asian Indian | 41 | 114.57 | 14.53 | 109.64 | 16.72 | |
White & Korean/Japanese | 71 | 110.88 | 18.22 | 106.26 | 16 | |
White & Chinese | 70 | 109.37 | 18.34 | 104.88 | 16.32 | |
White & Filipino | 55 | 109.07 | 17.57 | 104.6 | 16.19 | |
Asian Indian | 50 | 107.59 | 17.33 | 103.25 | 16.77 | |
Filipino | 36 | 107.09 | 17.26 | 102.79 | 15.34 | |
White | 5614 | 104.04 | 16.5 | 100 | 15.51 | |
Other Asian | 43 | 103.1 | 17.73 | 99.14 | 15.55 | |
N. Africa & Mid. East | 41 | 100.12 | 20.98 | 96.41 | 15.05 | |
White & Native American | 136 | 99.29 | 15.55 | 95.65 | 14.56 | |
Central & South American | 314 | 98.25 | 16.92 | 94.7 | 14.43 | |
Vietnamese | 12 | 96.04 | 14.45 | 92.68 | 15.94 | |
Not Identified | 202 | 95.76 | 15.5 | 92.42 | 13.83 | |
Dominican | 36 | 95.6 | 16.56 | 92.27 | 14.25 | |
White Mexican | 669 | 95.39 | 16.84 | 92.08 | 13.2 | |
NH Black & White | 397 | 95.16 | 16.69 | 91.87 | 14.21 | |
White Cuban | 146 | 95.06 | 16.16 | 91.78 | 13.97 | |
Other Hispanic | 484 | 94.89 | 17.87 | 91.62 | 14.06 | |
Black African | 57 | 93.8 | 13.44 | 90.63 | 14.79 | |
White Puerto Rican | 124 | 93.74 | 16.65 | 90.57 | 14.05 | |
Native American | 36 | 93.23 | 15.58 | 90.1 | 13.14 | |
Other Mexican | 366 | 92.68 | 16.33 | 89.6 | 12.25 | |
Black Caribbean | 46 | 91.66 | 17.19 | 88.67 | 14.3 | |
Other Cuban | 28 | 91.53 | 17.48 | 88.55 | 14.55 | |
Black & Other Puerto Rican | 75 | 90.91 | 15.94 | 87.98 | 13.68 | |
USA Black | 1426 | 85.51 | 14.77 | 83.04 | 13.43 |
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